What does "voltage drop" refer to in an electrical circuit?

Voltage drop refers to the reduction in voltage that occurs when electrical energy is transmitted along a conductor due to the resistance of the material. As current flows through a wire or other conductive element, some of the electrical energy is converted into heat as a result of that resistance, leading to a decrease in voltage from one end of the conductor to the other.

Understanding voltage drop is particularly important in electrical installations, as excessive voltage drop can result in inefficient operation of electrical devices and may not provide sufficient voltage for devices to function properly. This phenomenon is quantified and can be calculated using Ohm's Law, which relates voltage, current, and resistance. Recognizing and managing voltage drop is crucial when designing electrical circuits, including considerations for conductor size and length to minimize the drop and ensure reliable performance.