What is a split-phase electrical system?

A split-phase electrical system is fundamentally designed to provide both 120 and 240 volts from a single-phase supply. This system is commonly utilized in residential and light commercial settings across North America. In this configuration, the electrical supply typically consists of two hot wires, each carrying 120 volts, and a neutral wire. The two hot wires are out of phase with each other, creating a potential difference of 240 volts between them.

When appliances or devices require 120 volts, they can be connected to one of the hot wires and the neutral wire. For devices that need 240 volts, the connection is made between the two hot wires. This versatility allows for the efficient operation of a wide range of household appliances, from lighting to heavy-duty equipment like dryers and ovens.

This explanation clarifies how the split-phase system works, highlighting its two hot wires and the neutral that provides the ability to supply both 120 and 240 volts from the same source.