What is the function of a relay in electrical systems?

A relay serves a crucial role in electrical systems by allowing a low-power signal to control a larger power circuit. This is especially important because it enables the operation of complex electronic devices with minimal energy consumption. The relay acts as a switch that can manage multiple circuits using a single control signal, which enhances efficiency and simplifies the control mechanisms within a system.

When a low-power input is applied to the relay, it activates a switch that opens or closes a higher-power circuit. This is beneficial in a variety of applications, from automotive systems to industrial machinery, where the need to control large loads while using minimal power is essential for both safety and efficiency. The ability of relays to operate using low-power signals while handling large currents makes them an indispensable component in electrical engineering.