What is the function of a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)?

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) plays a critical role in preventing electric shock by monitoring the electrical current flowing through a circuit. It works by detecting imbalances in the electrical current, which can occur when current escapes the intended pathway, often due to contact with water or a faulty appliance. If the GFCI senses a difference as small as 4 to 6 milliamps, it quickly interrupts the circuit, cutting off the electrical supply in a fraction of a second. This rapid response significantly reduces the risk of electric shock, especially in wet or damp environments where the likelihood of ground faults is higher.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a GFCI. While it does not enhance energy efficiency, regulate current flow, or ensure high voltage supply, its main purpose remains focused on safety in preventing potentially life-threatening electric shocks.