What is the primary purpose of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary purpose of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage level of electrical energy. Transformers operate on the principles of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels while maintaining the power (minus losses) in the electrical system. This ability is crucial for efficient power distribution.

For example, high-voltage transmission is used to minimize losses over long distances, and transformers can reduce that voltage to a safer level for residential use. Ensuring that the correct voltage levels are present at different points in the system enables the safe and efficient operation of electrical devices and infrastructure.

Other options may relate to functions of electrical systems, but they do not capture the fundamental role of a transformer as accurately. A transformer does not store electrical energy, regulate electrical currents in the conventional sense, nor convert AC to DC power; these functions are typically managed by other components in electrical circuits or systems.